America finally blinked!

In a dramatic finish to a U.N. climate conference, world leaders adopted a breakthrough plan Saturday to broker a new pact by 2009 to battle global warming, after the United States backed down in a dispute with developing nations and Europe. Undersecretary of State, Paula Dobriansky reversed herself, allowing the adoption of the so-called “Bali Roadmap.” Is Bush softening?

Is a NEW EARTH possible, or at least a reinvigorated one?

The agreement, by consensus among some 190 nations, was hailed as a turning point in the world’s struggle to come to grips with rising global temperatures, which scientists say will lead to widespread drought, floods, higher sea levels and worsening storms. From now, the United Nations will embark on at least two years of talks to fashion a more effective and widely accepted successor to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The process could determine for years to come how well the world will cut emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for global warming.

“This is a real breakthrough, a real opportunity for the international community to successfully fight climate change,” said U.N. climate chief Yvo de Boer. “Parties have recognized the urgency of action on climate change.”

Al Gore had been berating the U.S. for holding out and he savaged the US government’s “obstructing” attitude and urged delegates at the UN conference on climate change to ignore Washington if necessary to pursue the “moral imperative” of a new global regime. “My country is principally responsible for obstructing progress here in Bali,” the former US vice-president told 2,000 of the 12,000 people attending the conference on Thursday. “[But] over the next two years the United States is going to be somewhere it is not now.”

The U.N. climate change conference in Bali was filled with emotion and cliff-hanging anticipation on Saturday, an extra day added because of a failure to reach agreement during the scheduled sessions, but, the final result was a global warming pact that provides for negotiating rounds to conclude in 2009.

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called the pact “a good beginning.” “This is just a beginning and not an ending,” Ban said. “We’ll have to engage in many complex, difficult and long negotiations.”

There are so many actions we as humans can take to reduce and slow global warming.

For example, I always do carpool when going off town with other friends or family. I always recycle and put everything in the right container. I use my bike to go close places. I reduce the electricity usage in my house and many other things that we sometimes think don’t effect the cause.

What are you doing to reduce global warming?

“With public sentiment nothing can fail; without it nothing can succeed. Consequently, he who molds public sentiment goes deeper than he who enacts statutes than he who enacts or pronounces decisions.” Abraham Lincoln.

People exist always only in combination with nature, they can not be separated from it by any means and thus any kind of changes either positive or negative are always reflected in our lives. Long time ago one of the main problems on the planet became the global climate change. The Artic ice starts to melt and disappear, Latin America and South America suffer from lethal storms and floods. Europeans have to face melting glaciers, forest fires and heat waves. The tree rings and ancient coral in ice cores show that the world has not been as warm before as it is now. The warmest years were all starting since 1998. Most of these changes are influenced by human activities, as people burn the nature’s stores of coal, oil and natural gas. As a result billions of tones of carbon dioxide come into the air annually. Some scientists even suppose that these changes were caused by the dawn of agriculture. The well known phenomenon connected with global warming is greenhouse effect. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that makes the obstacle for the Sun radiation in the troposphere, the lower atmosphere. Some researches also show that cosmic rays are also connected with this effect. As soon as the atmospheric CO2 rises the global temperatures are luckily to rise by around 2C to 5 C. As a result the ice starts to melt, changes in clouds and vegetation occur and so on. When the glaciers melt, they will certainly cause some rivers to overflow, while others will be emptied. The situations with water resources might cause conflicts in different regions. All this will of course influence the natural ecosystems, as not all species can move quickly enough to put up with the global warming, for example coral reefs. The melting ices will influence not only the level of rivers’ water, but also the level of the oceans is disturbed. And if the level of the ocean rises 6 meters higher, that would be enough to flood the lands of billions of people.

Forests and oceans on our planet were able to absorb about half of the CO2 people produced, but since 2001 the amount of CO2 is twice bigger, which really limits the resources of the nature.

Methane is the second most important gas for greenhouse effect. The effect of methane is even 20 times greater than carbon dioxide, but there is less methane in the atmosphere. Methane influences 25% of global warming. Methane is produced by cows and termites. Thus agriculture and rice growing can produce methane. Besides coal mining and oil wells also produce methane. The level of methane in the atmosphere is constantly increasing - this is also an alarming fact for the Earth climate.

Public Health organizations are also worried about global warming, as researches state that the global warming is luckily to increase human mortality, when the cases of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and other  parasites increase. But the American Council on Science and Health announced the conclusions of its study which show that such diseases could become serious problems for people disregarding global warming and that these diseases can be prevented not only by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of these conclusions was certainly to make the diseases for the government not associated with global warming. The findings of the American Council on Science and Health were as follows:

- As the World Health Organization states that there are more than 500 million cases of malaria each year, malaria can not be caused only by warming of the climate, the increasing of the temperature can increase the incidents of malaria only by 10-16%.

- The ACSH studies were also stating that wealth can bring health and stimulate long living, whereas poverty is one of the reasons for hard diseases and short life spans. And public health would be put at risk when great economic costs could go on control of greenhouse gas emissions, as it could lead to poverty.

- Yellow fever, malaria and other tropical diseases could be prevented with fewer costs than those needed to restrict greenhouse gas emissions, for example: use of vaccinations, judicious use of pesticides and biological control methods, usage of mosquito and fly screens and public education.

- Spending money for reducing greenhouse gas emissions means that this money can not be used for better methods of preventing the above mentioned diseases, as better nutrition and sanitation.

This was one of the bright examples how the problem of global warming is not treated in a proper way in order to solve the financial and other problems of the high politic leaders, who care really not much for the future of the whole planet.

But no matter what is said, global warming still stays a great problem of the whole mankind. Certainly it is not possible to stop all human activities that disturb the atmosphere as they are connected with producing food and making people warm. But we should not forget that some predictions about global warming are close to tragic. People are controlling the whole Earth as there are almost no places, which never felt the hand of a human. And thus the whole responsibility is on people. There are certain measures to at least avoid the worst case, the disaster on the planet. People can reduce of greenhouse gas emissions with the help of energy conservation, like turning the computers and other technical devices off, when they do not use them, use compact fluorescent lights, unplug the chargers of cell phones and digital cameras and so on.

The issues of global warming and fossil fuel usage are certainly closely connected. The use of oil and natural resources will decline in a decade. But this would not reduce the carbon dioxide emissions automatically, the replacements with coal, heavy oil and tar sand contain even more carbon, if to make them produce the same amount of energy they will produce twice more carbon. But the fact is that all transport, roads and airports for this transport are useless without oil. To create a new transport system is a task for the whole society, not for an individual, besides it would need money, time, natural resources and a lot of brain power. So the previous arguments concerning a lot of money spent on the stopping or at least slowing the global warming can be put aside against these ones.

The projections made for the future state that Earth will be an ice planet without greenhouse effect, the Earth will get warmer, by the 2100 the temperature will be 1.5 C - 4.5 C warmer, the increase will be less in the southern hemisphere and greater in the northern hemisphere. The global temperature is connected with carbon dioxide level and methane level, which at the moment exceed greatly the past levels.

It is necessary to mention some facts concerning the future in order to understand why the global warming can be considered a disaster for the whole planet. Certainly it is not possible to know the future climate on Earth precisely, but some data are certain: every century brings the increase of the temperature of 1-2C. It is enough for Greenland and Antarctica to start melting, thus some part of northern areas could become a farmland and Sahara might become bigger. Storms can be stronger. Some countries like Bangladesh and Netherlands are luckily to vanish because of the ocean level rise up to 5 meters.

The term “climate forcings” is often used though it is hard to give its precise definition. To define it simply - this is an event that influences global climate. At this point it is necessary to mention that the weather and climate are different things, the weather is described with the help of variations of dryness or wetness, cold and heat. They do not play a great role for the whole picture on the Earth, but climate can be influenced by forcings, like for example a volcanic eruption can cool the climate on the whole Earth. Such forcing is called a short term forcing. An example of long term forcing may be continental drift which within millions of years changes the path of ocean currents. To anthropogenic forcings belong fossil fuel burning and agriculture. Not all forcings of humans result in global warming, sulfur dioxide from coal burning produces aerosols and they result in cooling.

These were the main negative influences on the climate that cause the global warming. They are rather serious and need urgent steps taken by people in order to avoid the catastrophes in the world of nature, to which we by the way also belong.

So the climate of the Earth should be an international concern and not only of scientists and ordinary people, but also of those who hold power in their hand and are able to make the politics work not only for money, but also for the future of the whole mankind. Unfortunately, these are mostly beautiful words and promises when elections are in the future as soon as they are over the real situation changes. Not a single national leader has come out publicly and said that the recent spate of hurricanes was the result of global warming, this is a part of conventional wisdom of environmentalists that they should not frighten the public, but should focus their interest on technical solutions, like for example hybrid cars and so on.

Global warming is such a problem that it is necessary to deal with all its aspects, which includes the politics. When politicians formulate their policy they need inputs from many disciplines and from science as well. But unfortunately global warming has become an absolutely political issue and politicians do their best to influence even science.

In 1992 at the Earth Summit the decision to prevent such dangerous climate change was taken. The first step was the 1997 Kyoto protocol, which is supposed to come into force in 2005.

One of the reports of the U.N. Panel on Climate Changes warns that the U.S. and other wealthy countries should immediately cut their oil and gas consumption and agree to get at least a quarter of their electrical energy from renewable resources - solar and wind power; and that they should double their research spending on low-carbon energy by 2010.In 1997 the U.S. Senate voted 95-0 to make Clinton Administration not to send the Kyoto treaty to Capitol Hill for ratification. In his first term president Bush rejected Kyoto. Russia ratified it, but most believe that Putin was made to do that as British Prime Minister and other European Union officials threatened not to let him become a member of World Trade Organization, which could cost Russia billions of dollars each year. But the chief economic adviser of Putin - Andrei Illarionov shows his doubts as for the upholding commit to Kyoto, he says: “There is no evidence confirming a positive linking between the level of carbon dioxide and temperature change. The U.N. Panel’s so called scientific data are considerably distorted and in many cases falsified” (Can We Defuse the Global Warming Time Bomb?, by James Hansen, 2003, pp.2-15). One of the main ideas of Ilarionov and others is to break the advanced economies of the U.S., Europe and Japan, by persuading the multi-national companies to move plants and jobs to developing countries in order not to comply with emissions restrictions. But the president of the American Policy Center in Washington - Tom DeWeese doesn’t agree that it makes sense, he states as the main concern and the prime target is the wealth of the United States it would not be wise to place factories in Third World countries, as the same amount of emissions would come out from jungles of South America instead of Chicago and in this case we are not talking about the protection of the environment any more. He is right in a way.

The main goal of the meeting in Kyoto was signing the amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (the Rio Treaty) in order to require the signatory nations to take the necessary steps to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, as these gases cause an alarm situation with global temperatures. The costs of signing it for the U.S. could be really high, as the county could be made to reduce between 10 and 20 % of greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2020, that would cause reduction of gross domestic products by $260 billion annually, it is equal to $2.700 per household. Certainly it was hard to prove that such costs are justified. Besides as millions of American people could be put at risk, several important questions appeared. The first one was about the possible merits or drawbacks of global warming. The World Bank researches prove that about one-third of the whole population suffers from water shortages. By 2025 they say - around 40 % of the whole population could be living in countries without sufficient water supplies. The crops will also suffer from lack of water. Global warming leads to more condensation and more evaporation, thus producing more rains. So it could be in a way an answer to the problem about lack of water. The second positive point about global warming is possibility of agriculture in North America and Europe, the southern regions of Greenland were not covered with ice when between 10th and 12th centuries the temperature was 0.5 degrees warmer than today, and could be also cultivated. The evidence of this was found when: “scientists from the National Science Foundation sponsored Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 extracted in an ice core from Greenland’s ice sheet that spanned more than 100.000 years of climate history. Samplings from the core suggest that a Little Ice Age began between 1400 and 1420, blanketing the Vikings’ farms in ice and forcing them to abandon their farms in search of more hospitable climates”.( Michael Crichton’s State of Fear: Climate Change in the Cineplex, by Amy Ridenour pp.1-5). Thus global warming could mean more agricultural productivity and more water resources.

The idea that great storms are connected with global warming is sometimes called a myth. Those who say so find little evidence to support this fact and also to support a conclusion that there is a connection between global warming and increasing number of such pests and mosquitoes that bring malaria, yellow fever and other diseases.  The researches of George C. Marshal institute show that most severe storms are more associated with warm and cold weather, for example in the North Sea the storms occurred between 15th and 16th centuries after the onset of Little Ice Age. The United Health Organization writes that with the grow of international traveling and great number of migrations and refugees people have the chance to communicate more, and thus the diseases are spread more quickly, not just from one person to another, but also from one continent to another.

Another important question concerns the global warming itself. Depending on the time period we are discussing the planet is either warming or not. Our planet has experienced several periods of warming and cooling. In his article in 1994 Richard Kerr offered his point of view about this issue: “In order for a climate model to have credibility, it must first be able to reliably “predict” current climate. … Some “tune” their models by adjusting the strength of solar radiation; others by adjusting the transfer of energy between the ocean and the atmosphere to get just the desired results. The result is climate models that are largely worthless”. (When Science Meets Politics on Global Warming, by Roy W. Spencer, 1998 pp.1-4).

Another question concerns economical results of reducing of greenhouse gas emissions. The plan as to reduce them to their 1990 level by 2000 and with further reductions for 2010 and 2020. This would make the taxes for carbon dioxide raise up to $100 $200 pro metric ton. Then by 2010 this could cause about 500.000 - one million job loses in U.S. The situation in Australia would be even worse, as they have a strong mining sector. The economies of developing countries would also be sensitive to these reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. The emissions in Brazil grew by 20%, in India - by 28%, in Indonesia - by 40% between 1990 and 1995.Thus developing nations and oil exporters have fears concerning their economic futures. That is why developing nations were exempted from reduction mandate under the Berlin mandate.

So the main point of political leaders is that the high costs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are not worth the climate benefits they could bring. There is a point of view that even if such steps are necessary for improving our climate, we should not hurry and should at first improve our knowledge about causes and consequences of global warming, we should develop technology that could reduce the greenhouse emissions per unit of output, increase the reflectivity of atmosphere. The supporters of this position state that there are a lot of other important economical, scientific and political issues that need to be solved and there is no reason to rush to conclusions about global warming, as scientists themselves are a kind of swept up in the moment. Even after the Kyoto was coming into force constant debates between climate skeptics and global warming “supporters” continued. For example when Kevin Trenberth, being a head of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change suggested that there was a connection between climate changes and wave of hurricanes,  Christopher Landsea, hurricane expert at America’s national Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration wrote in his public letter that: “because of Dr. Trenberth’s pronouncements. The IPCC process has been subverted and compromised, its neutrality lost” (When Science Meets Politics on Global Warming, by Roy W. Spencer, 1998 pp.1-4).

The concepts of “nature” and “environment” were reconstructed. Actually the human-made phenomenon - global warming- is somehow considered environmental. Some people believe that this framing is political, not just conceptual problem. When the term environment is used it means something that is “out there” and needs fixing, but in reality the problem can not be considered external, as it is within people and not out. And it was and will be the humans’ problem.

Overall, the warming of the Earth has become a serious problem concerning, scientists, citizens and of course policy-makers. It is certainly hard to give one-sided characteristics to all effects, results and reasons of the global warming described above, there are certainly possibilities that not all recent researches and conclusions of scientists are true to life 100%, and the statement that in several decades we will know much more about climate changing and global warming has also some rational points. But on the other hand it is hard to deny the fact that the human beings do influence the climate and the nature greatly. These issues touch every single person on the planet and the whole mankind. They should bother the policy making people as well. They have to care for the wealth of the country but to simply deny all the negative facts about global warming is hardly the best way out. But unfortunately it usually happens so that the politics are more interested in real facts concerning finance and industrial developments than in vague future of the whole planet. As the whole industrial process and thus the economy of almost any country depends on its usage of natural resources, the climate seems a low “price” for spoiling them. When they start to think about problems caused by climate change, they think first of all about refugees, loss of job places, food shortages because of bad development of agriculture and so on.

Global warming is the continuous increase of the earth’s near-surface air and oceans average temperatures. Mostly this is because of greenhouse gases and natural phenomena such as solar variation and volcanoes.

Longtime effects of global warming will be; arctic shrinkage; arctic methane release; shrinkage of the Amazon rainforest; extreme weather events; changes in agricultural yields; modifications of trade routes; glacier retreat; species extinctions and changes in the ranges of disease vectors.

One of the short-term effects is the decline of our financial budget, because of the increase in municipal levies and services.

Colder and warmer temperatures causes us to use more electricity and that in turn causes the power plants to increase there production and so uses more biomass which in turn depletes our natural resources and ad to global warming. It is a vicious circle.

Most municipality’s and suppliers of energy try their utmost in combating global warming, but we should not leave it to then alone. We all should give our parting conserving energy and in turn save on our expenses.

By recycling our waste, most of our waste can be recycled to be used again; by harnessing our biggest resource, the sun, and by harnessing natures voice, the wind.

Although wind generated energy is a great idea in a remote area, it takes a lot of windmills to generate enough energy to electrify a town. And our 20′Th century space is already a problem. So if you do not stay on a farm, your best bet is solar power.

Many of the suppliers of energy are already busy with efforts to reward people who help by conserving energy.

One can use solar powered geezers or use solar panels to generate enough electricity for ones own home.

If all the communities in the world jumps in and conserve energy we might just be able to prolong or even halt global warming on our home, earth.

Resource: http:// laruchelle.energy4gre.hop.clickbank.net/

During the mid-20th century, scientists have begun to observe and record the steady increase in the average temperature of the oceans as well as on the atmosphere. This change is now termed global warming and is recognized to be one of the leading factors in which the planet has been undergoing drastic climatic changes such severe typhoons and flooding. With all these alarming developments, I could not help but wonder what I can specifically do in order to contribute toward decreasing this adverse phenomenon.

One of the recognized causes of global warming is the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This particular compound is produced by burning fossil fuels in order to provide energy. One good way to contribute toward reduction of carbon dioxide emissions would be to use a fuel efficient vehicle. This is not a hard thing to do, since a lot of automobile manufacturers have step up to the challenge to develop and sell vehicles that don’t consume as much gas as the older models. Another way to help fuel efficiency is to keep my vehicle in top shape and to try carpooling as well as commuting once in a while. It always pays to have engine tune ups regularly as well as to ensure all the tires are properly inflated, as tires not fully inflated can also increase gasoline consumption. Using car air conditioner is also one source of carbon dioxide emissions. On a cool day, driving around with windows open would a good alternative. As for driving less, it not only saves on gas but would also help reduce traffic congestions. It might even encourage a healthier lifestyle, as I now have the option of walking whenever I can.

Carbon dioxide is also emitted by home appliances so it would also make sense to purchase energy-efficient appliances that will not only reduce pollution but also translates to lower energy bill. Using compact fluorescent bulbs is also a good strategy to reduce energy costs. Appliances and light bulbs that came with the Energy Star label are also the most ideal to use and install. Some utility companies even offer rebates for those who made the switch into using energy efficient light bulbs and would also be another way for me to reduce energy bills.

There are also a lot of organizations that are pushing for the use of more renewable energy sources and thereby minimize our reliance on burning fossil fuels. I could also help the fight in global warming by giving my support to these organizations and help educate my friends and family regarding the dangers of global warming and promoting renewable energy at a community level.

Another way to contribute towards the fight against global warming would be to have a ‘greener’ home. This means a more energy-efficient home. One simple and practical way to ensure this would be to seal all drafts in order to prevent increased used of heating during winters. During summertime, opening the windows and letting cooling breeze come in is a good alternative to using the cooling system. These initiatives also translate into lesser energy bill and more savings on my part.

Facts on Global Warming

1. 2005 was the HOTTEST year ever on record. Average world temperatures have climbed over 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1900.

2. Arctic ice is rapidly disappearing and may have its first completely ice free summer by 2040.

3. Humans are pouring “CO2? (carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere faster than plants and oceans can absorb it.

4. Glaciers are melting fast, plants and animals are being forced from their habitat.

5. The number of severe storms and droughts is increasing and the number of category 4

and 5 hurricans has almost doubled in the last 30 years.

6. 30 years ago the global warming scientist James Lovelock worked out that the Earth possessed a planetary scale control system which kept the enviroment fit for life. He called it “GAIA” and the theory has become widely accepted. The ugly truth is that climate change is already insoluble and life on earth will never be the same again. Other Renowned climate scientists still have some hope.. but they say we have less than 10years before the damage is irreversible.

7. Global warming caused principally by the large scale emissions of industrial gases such as carbon dioxide or “CO2? is almost certainly the greatest threat mankind has ever faced, because it puts a question mark over the very habitability of the earth.

8. The Bush administration has been accused of editing official scientific studies about global warming and asking NASA to refrain from speaking out on the phenomen.

9. Deaths from global warming will double in just 25 years to over 350 000 people a year.

10 More than a million species worldwide could be driven to extinction by 2050.

This is the ugly truth.. However some strongly asserts that global warming is a Hoax. What do you think?

I think that Global Warming is the Salem Witchcraft of the 21st century. In a 100 years historians are going to be laughing at us for this global warming hoax. This has been the coldest winter in a long time!

This is for a debate, my opposition says global warming isn’t that big of a deal…But is it? Who is contributing to it? Why is it happening? Where is the evidence? What happens if we do nothing? Why have humans in general waited so long to actually see the problems? When did global warming become such a big deal? WHAT CAN WE DO?

(c) 2008 Mervyn Rees

The average temperature of the earth has increased by about 0.6 degrees centigrade over the last 100 years. Because of the affect of global warming, scientists estimate that the temperature will continue to increase by about 0.3 degrees centigrade per decade - that’s 3 degrees over a 100 year period.

Some areas are expected to warm up much faster than others, and some areas are actually expected to cool down, but the affect of this, they say, will be floods becoming more extreme and occurring more frequently.

The reason why we’re told we can expect more frequent and more devastating floods is because:

a) As the sea heats up the water will expand leading to a rise in the sea level.

b) The ice caps will melt leading to more water in the sea.

Will this really happen? Prediction can never tell us anything with 100% certainty, but in this case there’s a very strong possibility that floods will become both more frequent and more devastating as recent events have shown.

The signs are that there is change, radical in places, new weather patterns affecting us all too some degree wherever we are.

“Better go and find our Water Wings ” (Joke)!

Human Extinction

Could humans be moving towards the end of their time on earth?

As per Professor Michael Boulter, a UK Palaeontologist from the University of East London, large mammals—including humansare showing signs of imminent extinction.

So far, large mammals have become extinct at a much faster rate than one would have predicted if humans hadn’t made their mark on the planet by burning fossil fuels.

His theory is that life on Earth needs to be culled from time to time, with the last cull being the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, and by messing with the environment, we’ve sped up the move towards the next big cull.

The human race, he says, will die out “soon”. Don’t panic just yet though, in geological terms, “soon” can mean millions of years.

Is this Fact or Fiction? Who will be around to give us the answer, and need we really worry?

Life Adapts

Greenhouse gas emissions are expected to increase the temperature in the world by between 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit to 10 degrees Fahrenheit. That sounds like a lot… but it happens over the next 100 years!

Over the past century humans have adapted to a variety of changes in our environment, and if you were to take some turn of the century homesteaders and plunk them down in a car in the middle of New York, they wouldn’t last more than two minutes! But gradual changes in our environment are much easier to adapt to. We simply expect things to happen quicker than our forefathers did. While a 2.5 to 10 degree rise in the next year might be hard to take, spread over time we will barely notice the change. Ever see the movie Jurassic Park? It may have been a fictional movie, but it wasn’t fair in one concept: Life will find a way to survive in spite of the environment.

Almost everyone has accepted global warming. What do you think about car companies creating electric cars and cars that run on water vapor? An improvement? A disaster?